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Financial Stability in Focus: Artificial intelligence in the financial system
Bank of England
2025.04.14
The development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI)footnote [1] is likely to have a transformative impact across many sectors of the UK economy. AI has the potential to save workers time on a wide range of tasks, thus potentially boosting productivity. It can enhance firms’ decision-making processes and help make products and services better and more tailored to customers’ needs. At the cutting edge it can catalyse other scientific or technical breakthroughs, such as in computing or medicine. All of this has the potential to increase long-term productive economic growth.Finance is among those sectors benefiting from this source of innovation. AI is already helping many financial institutions to automate and optimise their existing internal processes, such as code generation, as well as their interactions with customers. A likely area of development over the coming years is advanced forms of AI increasingly helping to inform firms’ core financial decisions, such as credit and insurance underwriting, potentially shifting the allocation of capital. By enabling new sources of data to be used, the technology could ultimately enhance firms’ offering to customers. However, in the context of the new and distinct features of advanced AI, and the rapid pace of its development, there is a high degree of uncertainty over how the technology and its use will evolve. Section 1 of this Financial Stability in Focus (FSiF) discusses this broader context to the Financial Policy Committee‘s (FPC‘s) consideration of AI.As a macroprudential policymaker, the FPC is focused on financial stability risks, which can ultimately impact households and businesses. A stable financial system is one that has sufficient resilience to be able to facilitate and supply vital services by financial institutions, markets and market infrastructure to households and businesses in a manner that absorbs rather than amplifies shocks. Financial stability risks can arise even where risks to the safety and soundness of individual firms are well managed by microprudential authorities, for example arising as a result of the collective behaviour of firms.